// creates an XMLHttpRequest instance
function createXmlHttpRequestObject() 
{
  // will store the reference to the XMLHttpRequest object
  var xmlHttp;
  // this should work for all browsers except IE6 and older
  try
  {
    // try to create XMLHttpRequest object
    xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
  catch(e)
  {
    // assume IE6 or older
    var XmlHttpVersions = new Array("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.6.0",
                                    "MSXML2.XMLHTTP.5.0",
                                    "MSXML2.XMLHTTP.4.0",
                                    "MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0",
                                    "MSXML2.XMLHTTP",
                                    "Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    // try every id until one works
    for (var i=0; i<XmlHttpVersions.length && !xmlHttp; i++) 
    {
      try 
      { 
        // try to create XMLHttpRequest object
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject(XmlHttpVersions[i]);
      } 
      catch (e) {} // ignore potential error
    }
  }
  // return the created object or display an error message
  if (!xmlHttp)
    displayError("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
  else 
    return xmlHttp;
}

// function that displays an error message
function displayError($message)
{
  // ignore errors if showErrors is false
  if (showErrors)
  {
    // turn error displaying Off
    showErrors = false;
    // display error message
 
    alert("Error encountered: \n" + $message);
    // retry validation after 10 seconds
    //setTimeout("validate();", 10000);
  }
}